Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a plant virus belonging to the Virgaviridae family it significantly reduces pepper yield production worldwide.
We discuss the roles of vertical and horizontal transmission in this spillover event, and its implications for biosecurity. This is the first report of spillover of YTMMV to exotic weeds, and of vertical transmission of this tobamovirus. nigrum, and therefore infection appears to be self-sustaining in this species. Up to 80% of resultant seedlings derived from infected parent plants were infected with YTMMV, confirming that the virus is vertically-transmitted in S. nigrum plants and the seed germinated under controlled conditions. Fruit was harvested from virus-infected wild S.
nigrum also grow as weeds in parts of the city isolated from remnant bushland and indigenous sources of YTMMV, and some of these populations were also infected with YTMMV. peruviana plants were asymptomatically-infected with YTMMV, confirming spillover had occurred. At a remnant natural bushland site where both solanaceous weeds and indigenous Anthocercis hosts grew adjacent to one another, a proportion of S. Here, we undertook a survey of two introduced solanaceous weeds, namely Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) and Physalis peruviana (cape gooseberry) in the Perth metropolitan area and surrounds to determine if YTMMV has spread naturally to these species. The tobamovirus yellow tailflower mild mottle virus (YTMMV) was previously reported in wild plants of Anthocercis species (family Solanaceae) and other solanaceous indigenous species growing in natural habitats in Western Australia. (g) On the main form, the Analysis and Prototype buttons are used to toggle between GUI and CLI (Command Line Interface) execution modes (see Kumar et al. (f) The Tree Explorer also uses a custom-drawn graphical control for rendering trees while the display is uniform across operating systems. (e) The Caption Expert form uses an HTML5 compliant web browser control to display results and detailed analysis information. (d) The Alignment Editor uses the native Cocoa tab control for switching between the DNA Sequences and Translated Protein Sequences grids. (c) The Distance Matrix Explorer uses a native Cocoa view for displaying the pairwise distance matrix table. (b) The Trace Editor form uses an entirely custom-drawn GUI control for data display. (a) The main form has the same look in macOS, Windows, and Linux. The close, minimize, and maximize buttons are located on the left side of the title bar, and native toolbars, scroll bars, spin edits, and other visual controls are used. MEGA for macOS graphical user interface, developed with 64-bit Cocoa API and widgets.
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